Meaning and Sources of Topic Selection

Before starting a research work, first of all, researcher select a topic, which is one of the important parts of research work. Topic selection is one of the most important and difficult tasks in research work. A research guide may help the researcher to select a topic for research. While selecting a topic the following points should keep in mind. Normally, already overdone subject should not be chosen because it is difficulties to give new light (or idea) in such a case. The controversial subject should not be chosen. The subject should not be too narrow or too vague. Subject selected should be familiar or feasible to researcher so that the material or sources of research are within researcher's reach. The importance of subject, qualification and training of researcher must be considered while selecting a topic. The selection of topic must be preceded by the preliminary study.

Sources of topic selection
Topic can be selected from following sources,
• From the article published in newspapers and journals.
• From case studies kept in the library, which has been done by a previous specialist and postgraduate understudies.
• From course books or other related books.
• From discussion with research experts or advisors.

Layout of Report

There is no single format for preparing report in research work. The report writing may vary on the basis of nature of research. But a general format of report writing contains following parts:
A. Preliminary part
B. Central part ( i.e. main body)
C. Terminal part

A. Preliminary part
The preliminary section includes the following components:
• The title page
• Approval page
• Acknowledgement/preface
• Table of contents
• List of table
• List of figure
• Abbreviations

B. Central part / Main Body
The main part of report consists of following five chapters;
Chapter I: Introduction
It contains:
• Definition
• Focus of the study
• Purpose of the study
• Statement of problem
• Theoretical framework
• Hypothesis of the study
• Assumptions of the study
Chapter II: Review of literature
It contains:
• Historical background
• Review of previous study on the same topic
• Objective of previous research
• Findings of previous research
Chapter III: Methodology
It contains:
• Research design
• Population
• Sampling procedure
• Data gathering procedure
• Data processing procedure
• Variables and measures
• Parameters and Statistics
• Pilot study
Chapter IV: Presentation of Data and Analysis
It contains:
• Descriptive analysis
• Correlation analysis
• Inferential analysis
Chapter V: Summary and Conclusion
It contains:
• Summary
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

C. Terminal Part
The terminal section includes the following
components:
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• Glossary of items
• Index
• Vitae Sheet (bio-data)

Types of Report

United nation statistic office has approved three types of research namely,
1. Preliminary report
2. General report
3. Technical report

1. Preliminary report
Preliminary Research report includes results of studies that is still needed to to be affirmed by established researchers. It likewise incorporates topics where there may be contradictory evidence. The results of these studies are not conclusive. A preliminary report gives the information about the data available for the interested area, which is required to present as soon as possible. This report contains a brief statement about survey method, size of the sample used, method of selecting sample and limitation of the data. It is required to assign budget in advance.

2. General report
A general research report is just a report of any research. Statement of purposes of the survey, Description of the coverage, Nature of the collected information, Method of data collection and analysis, Numerical results, Period of data collection, Cost, Assessment of the fulfillment of the purpose of survey, Names of organization conducting and sponsoring, References are  includes on general report:

3. Technical report
A technical report is a document that portrays the procedure, advance, or consequences of specialized. It is also known as the scientific report. It might also incorporate proposals and finishes of the exploration. It gives emphasis on technical aspects or methodology of conducting research. A technical report is a document written by a
researcher detailing the results of a project and submitted to the sponsor of that project. It is prepared by comparing results.

Besides above mention types, in simple understanding research report can be broadly classified into following two parts:
1. Descriptive report: A descriptive report includes a depiction of suppositions and realities assemble by the analyst
during his/her study.
2. Analytical report: In addition to descriptive report this report presents facts and statistics and interprets this
information in relation to the problem under consideration.

Meaning of Research Report

The research report is a major component of research work. A research is considered to be incomplete and ill-defined without a report. This task should accomplish by the researcher with great care for this researcher may seek assistance and the guidance of experts. A research report is a formal communication written for a specific purpose, includes a description of the procedure used for collection and analysis of data, their significance, conclusion, and recommendations. It may be an oral presentation and/or a written statement that has the purpose of communicating research findings, proposals for blueprints, different discoveries to management or other specific audiences. Research reports vary in scope and treatment. Each university might set its own format and style of thesis writing for its research students.

Uses of cross elasticity in managerial decision

The idea of cross flexibility is utilized for some reasons, for example,

1. Pricing system identified with own item:

A firm might deliver a few related items. For instance, Colgate, toothpaste produces both brush and toothpaste. These products are supplements. Thus more toothpaste can be sold if the cost of toothbrush is diminished. In like manner Himalayan distillery ltd. produces san Miguel and tiger brew. These merchandise are substitutes. In the event that the cost of san Miguel is diminished, the interest for tiger lager decreases. Along these lines, if the company's items are interrelated, the cost of one influences the interest for other. The information of cross flexibility helps in surveying such effect and adjusting fitting evaluating system.

2. Pricing technique identified with other's item:

A few firms in the nation produce integral merchandise and substitute products. The cost of one firm influences the interest for other association's item. On the off chance that a firm having numerous adversaries creating substitute merchandise raise value, it might need to lose the clients significantly. Thus, an investigation of cross versatility between own item and adversary's item is crucial to plan suitable evaluating strategy.

3. Classification of merchandise and markets:

The merchandise and markets are ordered on the premise of versatility of interest. For instance the merchandise are ordered into substitute products and Complementary merchandise on the premise of cross versatility of interest. In the event that the cross versatility between two merchandise is certain, these products are substitutes. Then again, if the cross versatility is negative, these products are correlative.

4. Classification of commercial ventures.

The cross versatility is helpful in deciding the limits between businesses. Now and again issues happens as to which firm ought to be incorporated into which commercial ventures. For instance, whether the generation of auto and trucks ought to be named one industry or two businesses. The cross versatility turns into a premise of arrangement in such a circumstance. The organizations having high positive cross flexibility ought to be incorporated into one industry. The organizations having low or negative cross versatility ought to be incorporated into other industry.

Uses of Income elasticity in Business Decision

A comprehension of pay versatility is of extraordinary criticalness to business firm for a few reasons.

1. Determine the impact of progress in monetary action:

The learning of wage versatility is valuable in deciding the development chances of the firm. Firms whose interest capacities have high wage versatility will have great development opportunity in an augmenting economy while the associations standing up to low pay flexibility would neither increase much when the economy impedes.

2. Marketing action:

The wage versatility can assume an imperative part in showcasing exercises of a firm. On the off chance that per capita or family unit salary is observed to be a vital determinant of the interest for a specific item, this can impact the area and nature of offers outlets. It can likewise have sway on publicizing and special exercises. In the event of merchandise having high-salary flexibility it is ideal to make huge special impacts because of the potential for considerably expanded future business as wage increments.

3. Design promoting technique:

Learning of the salary flexibility's can be valuable in focusing on promoting impacts. Consider a firm having some expertise in business things. The firm ought to focus its showcasing impacts on media that achieve the more well off sections of the populace since high gatherings would expect be the prime clients of business things.

4. Determine the way of products:

The idea of pay versatility is helpful to decide the way of merchandise whether it is unrivaled or mediocre. Positive salary versatility demonstrates prevalent products while negative wage flexibility shows second rate or Giffen merchandise.

5. Determine deals volume:

The pay versatility for an association's item is an essential determinant of the company's prosperity at various phases of the business cycle. Amid the times of extension as earnings are rising, firms offering extravagance things will find that the interest for their item will increment at an expanding rate. However amid a retreat, interest might diminish quickly. On the other hand, firms delivering necessities won't advantage as much amid the time of monetary flourishing.

Use of price elasticity in Business Decisions

The utilization of value flexibility of interest is as per the following:

1. Product evaluating:

Firms should know about the versatility of their item when they value their items. For instance if interest is flexible, it is attractive to decrease cost. On other hand, if interest is inelastic, it is alluring to expand cost. Be that as it may, in the event of business or things having substitutes, cost build prompts low deals and benefit is lessened.

The firm in blemished rivalry including imposing business model needs to know the value versatility of interest in determination of cost. On the off chance that the versatility of interest for the item is inelastic, firms can charge high cost. In the event that the interest is flexible the organizations need to lose the client if the cost is expanded. The restraining infrastructure firm, however has the ability to settle the cost of its item needs to consider versatility while deciding cost.

A monopolist embraces a value segregation arrangement just when he finds the versatility of interest of various buyers or sub-markets is distinctive. In the event that request is inelastic, he can charge high cost than those with more versatile interest.

2. Pricing of the components of creation:

The idea of versatility of interest is valuable in the determination for cost of variables of creation. On the off chance that the requests for components of generation are more flexible the makers are readied to pay high cost for these elements. Like astute, If the interest for the variables of generation is flexible the makers are readied to pay low cost for the components.

3. Pricing of joint items:

Certain merchandise, being results of the same procedure are together supplied, e.g. fleece and lamb, pack and icebox and so forth. Consequently if the interest for one item say, fleece is inelastic contrasted with another say, interest for lamb, a higher cost for fleece can be charged.

4. Demand estimating:

The idea of flexibility to request offers the organizations sought after some assistance with forecasting. Request anticipating is crucial for the organizations to make creation, showcasing monetary, and faculty choices. The organizations can make vital course of action for crude materials, stock staff and back for creation on the premise of expected interest .If the interest for the item is flexible, interest might be relied upon to increment in future.

5. Discount choice:

The information of value versatility of interest is crucial in administration choice in the field of markdown choice. It is perfect from the matter that whether carrier administrations ought to give markdown or ought to diminish passage or not. The income per traveler diminishes when toll is lessened however the quantity of traveler increments. How far the expansions traveler remunerates the diminished income relies on upon the versatility of interest of going via plane.

6. Estimate Revenue:

Learning of value versatility is all that much vital while evaluating income. This implies, if interest is flexible, a decrease in cost would expand add up to income. In actuality, if interest is inelastic and increment in cost would expand add up to income and if is unitary no income impacts will be there what ever changes in costs.